P NP co-NP for infinite time Turing machines

[bibtex key=DeolalikarHamkinsSchindler2005:NPcoNP]

Extending results of Schindler [math.LO/0106087] and also my paper with Philip Welch, we establish in the context of infinite time Turing machines that 𝑃 is properly contained in 𝑁𝑃 intersect 𝑐𝑜𝑁𝑃. Furthermore, 𝑁𝑃 𝑐𝑜𝑁𝑃 is exactly the class of hyperarithmetic sets. For the more general classes, we establish that 𝑃+ =(𝑁𝑃+ 𝑐𝑜𝑁𝑃+) =(𝑁𝑃 𝑐𝑜𝑁𝑃), though 𝑃++ is properly contained in 𝑁𝑃++ 𝑐𝑜𝑁𝑃++. Within any contiguous block of infinite clockable ordinals, we show that 𝑃𝛼 is not equal to 𝑁𝑃𝛼 𝑐𝑜𝑁𝑃𝛼, but if 𝛽 begins a gap in the clockable ordinals, then 𝑃𝛽 =𝑁𝑃𝛽 𝑐𝑜𝑁𝑃𝛽. Finally, we establish that 𝑃𝑓 is not equal to 𝑁𝑃𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑁𝑃𝑓 for most functions 𝑓 from the reals to the ordinals, although we provide examples where 𝑃𝑓 =𝑁𝑃𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑁𝑃𝑓 and 𝑃𝑓 is not equal to 𝑁𝑃𝑓.

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