The proper and semi-proper forcing axioms for forcing notions that preserve 2 or 3

[bibtex key=HamkinsJohnstone2009:PFA(aleph_2-preserving)]

We prove that the PFA lottery preparation of a strongly unfoldable cardinal κ under ¬0 forces PFA(2-preserving)PFA(3-preserving) and PFA2, with 2ω=κ=2.  The method adapts to semi-proper forcing, giving SPFA(2-preserving)SPFA(3-preserving) and SPFA2 from the same hypothesis. It follows by a result of Miyamoto that the existence of a strongly unfoldable cardinal is equiconsistent with the conjunction SPFA(2-preserving)+SPFA(3-preserving)+SPFA2+2ω=2.  Since unfoldable cardinals are relatively weak as large cardinal notions, our summary conclusion is that in order to extract significant strength from PFA or SPFA, one must collapse 3 to 1.

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