Update: Rupert has withdrawn his claim. See the final bullet point below.
Rupert McCallum has posted a new paper to the mathematics arXiv
Rupert McCallum, The choiceless cardinals are inconsistent, mathematics arXiv 2017: 1712.09678.
He is claiming to establish the Kunen inconsistency in ZF, without the axiom of choice, which is a long-standing open question. In particular, this would refute the Reinhardt cardinals in ZF and all the stronger ZF large cardinals that have been studied.
If correct, this result will constitute a central advance in large cardinal set theory.
I am making this post to provide a place to discuss the proof and any questions that people might have about it. Please feel free to post comments with questions or answers to other questions that have been posted. I will plan to periodically summarize things in the main body of this post as the discussion proceeds.
- My first question concerns lemma 0.4, where he claims that $j’\upharpoonright V_{\lambda+2}^N$ is a definable class in $N$. He needs this to get the embedding into $N$, but I don’t see why the embedding should be definable here.
- I wrote to Rupert about this concern, and he replied that it may be an issue, and that he intends to post a new version of his paper, where he may retreat to the weaker claim refuting only the super-Reinhardt cardinals.
- The updated draft is now available. Follow the link above. It will become also available on the arXiv later this week.
- The second January 2 draft has a new section claiming again the original refutation of Reinhardt cardinals.
- New draft January 3. Rupert has reportedly been in communication with Matteo Viale about his result.
- Rupert has announced (Jan 3) that he is going to take a week or so to produce a careful rewrite.
- He has made available his new draft, January 7. It will also be posted on the arXiv.
- January 8: In light of the issues identified on this blog, especially the issue mentioned by Gabe, Rupert has sent me an email stating (and asking me to post here) that he is planning to think it through over the next couple of weeks and will then make some kind of statement about whether he thinks he can save the argument. For the moment, therefore, it seems that we should consider the proof to be on hold.
- January 24: After consideration, Rupert has withdrawn the claim, sending me the following message:
“Gabriel has very kindly given me extensive feedback on many different drafts. I attach the latest version which he commented on [January 24 draft above]. He has identified the flaw, namely that on page 3 I claim that $\exists n \forall Y \in W_n \psi(Y)$ if and only if $\forall Y \in U \psi(Y)$. This claim is not justified, and this means that there is no way that is apparent to me to rescue the proof of Lemma 1.2. Gabriel has directed me to a paper of Laver which does indeed show that my mapping e is an elementary embedding but which does not give the stronger claim that I want.
…So, I withdraw my claim. It is possible that this method of proof can work somehow, but some new insight is needed to make it work.”
-Rupert McCallum, January 24, 2018